Luận văn tiếng Anh: A Vietnamese-English cross-cultural study of expressing sarcasm = Nghiên cứu giao thoa văn hóa Việt - Anh về cách diễn đạt lời nói châm biếm. M.A Thesis Linguistics: 60 22 15
Nhà xuất bản: ĐHNN
Ngày: 2011
Chủ đề: Tiếng Anh
Giao thoa văn hóa
Kỹ năng nói
Lời nói châm biếm
Miêu tả: 42 p. + CD-ROM
M.A Thesis English Linguistics -- University of Languages and International studies. Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 2011
The availability of sarcasm is a matter-of-fact which has been going without much awareness even of the user. Moreover, the use of puns in expressing sarcasm, in spite of being very interesting and noteworthy, has received hardly any extensive research. Punning in expressing sarcasm is the field that bears much difference among cultures and speakers of different languages; this is a promising field of research for cross-cultural researchers of English in particular and languages in general. However, it is not an easy task at all due to sharp differences in the culture – specific notions between Vietnam and English – speaking countries. This thesis titled “A Vietnamese-English cross-cultural study of expressing sarcasm”, therefore, is an attempt to find out the differences and similarities between Vietnamese and English speakers in using puns to express their sense of sarcasm, hence make some suggestions for teachers as well as learners of English with a view to Giúp them avoid culture shock and have fun learning English
PART A: INTRODUCTION
I. Rationale ....................................................................................................... 1
II. Scope of the study ......................................................................................... 2
III. Aims of the study .......................................................................................... 2
IV. Research questions ........................................................................................ 2
V. Methodology ................................................................................................. 2
VI. Design of the study ....................................................................................... 3
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
1. Culture ........................................................................................................... 4
2. Language ....................................................................................................... 4
3. Language and Culture ................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: SARCASM, PUNS AND TYPES OF PUNS
2.1. Sarcasm .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2. Puns and types of puns ................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER III: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
3.1. GENERAL VIEW ...................................................................................... 16
3.1.1. Comments on the survey questionnaires ................................................ 16
3.1.2. Comments on the informants ................................................................. 18
3.2. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS.............................................................. 19
3.2.1. The use of puns...................................................................................... 19
3.2.2. Puns in expressing sarcasm in Vietnamese and English .................. 20
3.2.2.1. Vietnamese findings and discussions ............................................... 20
3.2.2.2. English findings and discussions ..................................................... 23v
3.2.2.3. Cross-cultural similarities and differences....................................... 25
3.2.3. Puns in expressing sarcasm in Vietnamese ........................................ 26
3.2.3.1 In terms of speaker’s position in the situation .................................. 26
3.2.3.2. In terms of informants’ parameters ................................................. 30
3.2.4. Puns in expressing sarcasm in English ............................................... 32
3.2.4.1. In terms of speaker’s position in the situation ................................. 32
3.2.4.2. In terms of informants’ parameters ................................................. 34
3.2.5. Cross cultural similarities and differences ........................................ 35
3.2.5.1. Similarities ........................................................................................ 35
3.2.5.2. Differences ....................................................................................... 35
PART C: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION IN TEFL
3.1. Conclusion.................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1. Main similarities .................................................................................... 37
3.1.2. Main differences...................................................................................... 37
3.2. Implication for teachers and learners ....................................................... 38
3.2.1. Teachers as a means of learning a second culture ................................. 38
3.2.2. Suggestions for learners.......................................................................... 39
3.3. Suggestions for further research ............................................................... 40
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi1
PART A: INTRODUCTION
I. Rationale
There‘s a point of view holding that all modern art is more or less sarcastic because the
viewer cannot Giúp but compare it to previous works. For example, any portrait of a
standing, non-smiling woman will naturally be compared with the Mona Lisa; the
tension of meaning exists, whether the artist meant it or not. As a matter of fact, it is
the case not only in art but for many other fields of life including language.
Gresham, in his work, made an interesting conclusion that ―Bad coinage drives out
goods‖. This reflects the fact of money that debased or under weight coins will drive
good, full weight coins out of circulation. This assertion, however, was not properly
applied in the economics only but in other fields of life as well. It is the case for every
realm in which an exchange occurs, with nowhere more vital than in the Kingdom of
Ideas, where the coin of realm is the word. In particular, we can easily observe that bad
meanings or associations of words tend to give good ones out of circulation. Some
examples might be the words ―girl‖ and ―lady‖. Nowadays, people, especially men,
tend to use the word ―girl‖ to refer to their darling. In Vietnamese the phenomenon can
be clearly realized in the use of ―gái‖. In the past, ―gái‖ was used to address a girl so it
appeared normally in calls like ―gái ơi‖. Gradually, with the appearance and popularity
of call-girls, the word has a new, more popular meaning of prostitutes. Also, the word
―lady‖ has a completely different use from the previous. It is used to mean a woman
who is weak inside and cannot protect herself. The same situation happens to the words
such as ―cô nương‖ or ―tiểu thư‖ in Vietnamese. Hence, it can be seen that ―negative‖
use of words is preferred to positive one. Studying sarcasm would therefore be of great
value to linguists and researchers. Nevertheless, the issue is not paid much attention
among Vietnamese researchers in detail and linguistic researchers of the world in
general. This research aims at discovering one of the most common and worth-studying2
phenomena of pragmatics, sarcasm, for without sarcasm then, as one might say, there is
no art.
II. Scope of research
The study aims mainly at the major knowledge of sarcasm in Vietnamese and English
daily life and jokes. Specifically, the difference between the use of puns in expressing
sarcasm in spoken Vietnamese and English is focused. Moreover, the study is confined
to the verbal aspects of the act of using puns in expressing sarcasm. Other factors such
as paralinguistic and extra-linguistic ones are beyond the scope of the study.
- The dialects used in the North, the South and the Central of Vietnam are use among
which the Northern one is mainly used; especially the spoken accent of the Northern
version is used quite often; and the English spoken by Anglophone community of
England, America, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, are chosen for contrastive
analysis.
- The data are collected by conducting survey questionnaires to examine the
differences in the way Vietnamese and English speakers use puns in expressing
sarcasm.
III. Aims of research
The research has been carried out with a view to explore the similarities as well as the
differences in the way Vietnamese and English speakers use puns in expressing
sarcasm thus to equip language learners with a major description of sarcasm in English
and Vietnamese and Giúp them avoid culture shock and communicate successfully.
IV. Research question:
What are the major similarities and differences in the ways Vietnamese and English
speakers use puns in expressing sarcasm?
Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi3
V. Methodology
The following methods are resorted to:
- Conducting survey (with questionnaires as a data collection instrument)
- Conducting observations
VI. Design of research
The study is composed of three main parts:
Part A (Introduction) presents the rationale, scope, aims, research questions, and
methodology of the study
Part B (Development) consists of three chapters:
Chapter I (Theoretical preliminary): discusses the notions of language-culture
relationship.
Chapter II (Sarcasm, puns and types of puns): explores different
conceptualizations of sarcasm, puns and types of puns, types that are used in common
between English and Vietnamese and ones that only appear in English or Vietnamese.
Chapter III (Data analysis and findings) analyses collected data to find out
major cross-cultural similarities and differences in the choice of puns in expressing
sarcasm.
Part C (Conclusion) summarizes the main findings of the study, provides some
implications for TEFL, and offers suggestions for further research.
Reference includes all the books, articles or website that has been referred to during
the writing of this thesis.
The appendices list examples of different groups of equivalence in order of the
alphabet.
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES4
1. Culture:
Whether or not we realize it, we are trapped by our own culture. Anyone who
encounters another culture quickly becomes aware of this because of thousands of little
things that differ among countries. For example, only one third of people use tableware
to eat, another third eat with chopsticks, and the rest eat with their fingers. Even within
a country, differences are inevitable. Knowing the culture prevents us from cultureshock. Culture can be defined in an abstract way as the know-how that a person must
possess to get through the task of daily living and only for a few does it require a
knowledge of some or much music, literature and the art; or it might be defined
concretely as the way of life of a people, for the sum of their learned behavior patterns,
attitudes, and material things.. All in all, culture is considered in terms of the three
aspects: (1) learned behavior patterns that refers to what people do, (2) attitudes that
refers to what people think or believe; and (3) material things that refers to property.
2. Language:
Definitions of culture all mention language. Obviously, language is one of the most
visible factors of culture. People face with cultural differences in languages when
contacting with someone from another country. The idiom ―mưa như trút nước‖ in
Vietnamese, for example can be expressed as ―it rains cats and dogs‖ in Britain, or ―it
rains jugs‖ in Europe, ―rains rope‖ in France, or ―rains in basins‖ in Spain due to
different cultures.
Yet it is not easy to define what language is. Language can be defined as any set or
system of linguistic symbols used by a community of people who are enabled to
communicate intelligibly with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English
Language). Or it might be defined in a short and succinct way as ―a complex and
abstract phenomenon that can be realized through a number of verbal and non-ver
Do Drive thay đổi chính sách, nên một số link cũ yêu cầu duyệt download. các bạn chỉ cần làm theo hướng dẫn.
Password giải nén nếu cần: ket-noi.com | Bấm trực tiếp vào Link để tải:
Nhà xuất bản: ĐHNN
Ngày: 2011
Chủ đề: Tiếng Anh
Giao thoa văn hóa
Kỹ năng nói
Lời nói châm biếm
Miêu tả: 42 p. + CD-ROM
M.A Thesis English Linguistics -- University of Languages and International studies. Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 2011
The availability of sarcasm is a matter-of-fact which has been going without much awareness even of the user. Moreover, the use of puns in expressing sarcasm, in spite of being very interesting and noteworthy, has received hardly any extensive research. Punning in expressing sarcasm is the field that bears much difference among cultures and speakers of different languages; this is a promising field of research for cross-cultural researchers of English in particular and languages in general. However, it is not an easy task at all due to sharp differences in the culture – specific notions between Vietnam and English – speaking countries. This thesis titled “A Vietnamese-English cross-cultural study of expressing sarcasm”, therefore, is an attempt to find out the differences and similarities between Vietnamese and English speakers in using puns to express their sense of sarcasm, hence make some suggestions for teachers as well as learners of English with a view to Giúp them avoid culture shock and have fun learning English
PART A: INTRODUCTION
I. Rationale ....................................................................................................... 1
II. Scope of the study ......................................................................................... 2
III. Aims of the study .......................................................................................... 2
IV. Research questions ........................................................................................ 2
V. Methodology ................................................................................................. 2
VI. Design of the study ....................................................................................... 3
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES
1. Culture ........................................................................................................... 4
2. Language ....................................................................................................... 4
3. Language and Culture ................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER II: SARCASM, PUNS AND TYPES OF PUNS
2.1. Sarcasm .......................................................................................................... 7
2.2. Puns and types of puns ................................................................................... 9
CHAPTER III: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
3.1. GENERAL VIEW ...................................................................................... 16
3.1.1. Comments on the survey questionnaires ................................................ 16
3.1.2. Comments on the informants ................................................................. 18
3.2. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS.............................................................. 19
3.2.1. The use of puns...................................................................................... 19
3.2.2. Puns in expressing sarcasm in Vietnamese and English .................. 20
3.2.2.1. Vietnamese findings and discussions ............................................... 20
3.2.2.2. English findings and discussions ..................................................... 23v
3.2.2.3. Cross-cultural similarities and differences....................................... 25
3.2.3. Puns in expressing sarcasm in Vietnamese ........................................ 26
3.2.3.1 In terms of speaker’s position in the situation .................................. 26
3.2.3.2. In terms of informants’ parameters ................................................. 30
3.2.4. Puns in expressing sarcasm in English ............................................... 32
3.2.4.1. In terms of speaker’s position in the situation ................................. 32
3.2.4.2. In terms of informants’ parameters ................................................. 34
3.2.5. Cross cultural similarities and differences ........................................ 35
3.2.5.1. Similarities ........................................................................................ 35
3.2.5.2. Differences ....................................................................................... 35
PART C: CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION IN TEFL
3.1. Conclusion.................................................................................................... 37
3.1.1. Main similarities .................................................................................... 37
3.1.2. Main differences...................................................................................... 37
3.2. Implication for teachers and learners ....................................................... 38
3.2.1. Teachers as a means of learning a second culture ................................. 38
3.2.2. Suggestions for learners.......................................................................... 39
3.3. Suggestions for further research ............................................................... 40
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi1
PART A: INTRODUCTION
I. Rationale
There‘s a point of view holding that all modern art is more or less sarcastic because the
viewer cannot Giúp but compare it to previous works. For example, any portrait of a
standing, non-smiling woman will naturally be compared with the Mona Lisa; the
tension of meaning exists, whether the artist meant it or not. As a matter of fact, it is
the case not only in art but for many other fields of life including language.
Gresham, in his work, made an interesting conclusion that ―Bad coinage drives out
goods‖. This reflects the fact of money that debased or under weight coins will drive
good, full weight coins out of circulation. This assertion, however, was not properly
applied in the economics only but in other fields of life as well. It is the case for every
realm in which an exchange occurs, with nowhere more vital than in the Kingdom of
Ideas, where the coin of realm is the word. In particular, we can easily observe that bad
meanings or associations of words tend to give good ones out of circulation. Some
examples might be the words ―girl‖ and ―lady‖. Nowadays, people, especially men,
tend to use the word ―girl‖ to refer to their darling. In Vietnamese the phenomenon can
be clearly realized in the use of ―gái‖. In the past, ―gái‖ was used to address a girl so it
appeared normally in calls like ―gái ơi‖. Gradually, with the appearance and popularity
of call-girls, the word has a new, more popular meaning of prostitutes. Also, the word
―lady‖ has a completely different use from the previous. It is used to mean a woman
who is weak inside and cannot protect herself. The same situation happens to the words
such as ―cô nương‖ or ―tiểu thư‖ in Vietnamese. Hence, it can be seen that ―negative‖
use of words is preferred to positive one. Studying sarcasm would therefore be of great
value to linguists and researchers. Nevertheless, the issue is not paid much attention
among Vietnamese researchers in detail and linguistic researchers of the world in
general. This research aims at discovering one of the most common and worth-studying2
phenomena of pragmatics, sarcasm, for without sarcasm then, as one might say, there is
no art.
II. Scope of research
The study aims mainly at the major knowledge of sarcasm in Vietnamese and English
daily life and jokes. Specifically, the difference between the use of puns in expressing
sarcasm in spoken Vietnamese and English is focused. Moreover, the study is confined
to the verbal aspects of the act of using puns in expressing sarcasm. Other factors such
as paralinguistic and extra-linguistic ones are beyond the scope of the study.
- The dialects used in the North, the South and the Central of Vietnam are use among
which the Northern one is mainly used; especially the spoken accent of the Northern
version is used quite often; and the English spoken by Anglophone community of
England, America, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada, are chosen for contrastive
analysis.
- The data are collected by conducting survey questionnaires to examine the
differences in the way Vietnamese and English speakers use puns in expressing
sarcasm.
III. Aims of research
The research has been carried out with a view to explore the similarities as well as the
differences in the way Vietnamese and English speakers use puns in expressing
sarcasm thus to equip language learners with a major description of sarcasm in English
and Vietnamese and Giúp them avoid culture shock and communicate successfully.
IV. Research question:
What are the major similarities and differences in the ways Vietnamese and English
speakers use puns in expressing sarcasm?
Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi Ket-noi.com kho tai lieu mien phi3
V. Methodology
The following methods are resorted to:
- Conducting survey (with questionnaires as a data collection instrument)
- Conducting observations
VI. Design of research
The study is composed of three main parts:
Part A (Introduction) presents the rationale, scope, aims, research questions, and
methodology of the study
Part B (Development) consists of three chapters:
Chapter I (Theoretical preliminary): discusses the notions of language-culture
relationship.
Chapter II (Sarcasm, puns and types of puns): explores different
conceptualizations of sarcasm, puns and types of puns, types that are used in common
between English and Vietnamese and ones that only appear in English or Vietnamese.
Chapter III (Data analysis and findings) analyses collected data to find out
major cross-cultural similarities and differences in the choice of puns in expressing
sarcasm.
Part C (Conclusion) summarizes the main findings of the study, provides some
implications for TEFL, and offers suggestions for further research.
Reference includes all the books, articles or website that has been referred to during
the writing of this thesis.
The appendices list examples of different groups of equivalence in order of the
alphabet.
PART B: DEVELOPMENT
CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL PRELIMINARIES4
1. Culture:
Whether or not we realize it, we are trapped by our own culture. Anyone who
encounters another culture quickly becomes aware of this because of thousands of little
things that differ among countries. For example, only one third of people use tableware
to eat, another third eat with chopsticks, and the rest eat with their fingers. Even within
a country, differences are inevitable. Knowing the culture prevents us from cultureshock. Culture can be defined in an abstract way as the know-how that a person must
possess to get through the task of daily living and only for a few does it require a
knowledge of some or much music, literature and the art; or it might be defined
concretely as the way of life of a people, for the sum of their learned behavior patterns,
attitudes, and material things.. All in all, culture is considered in terms of the three
aspects: (1) learned behavior patterns that refers to what people do, (2) attitudes that
refers to what people think or believe; and (3) material things that refers to property.
2. Language:
Definitions of culture all mention language. Obviously, language is one of the most
visible factors of culture. People face with cultural differences in languages when
contacting with someone from another country. The idiom ―mưa như trút nước‖ in
Vietnamese, for example can be expressed as ―it rains cats and dogs‖ in Britain, or ―it
rains jugs‖ in Europe, ―rains rope‖ in France, or ―rains in basins‖ in Spain due to
different cultures.
Yet it is not easy to define what language is. Language can be defined as any set or
system of linguistic symbols used by a community of people who are enabled to
communicate intelligibly with one another (Random House Dictionary of the English
Language). Or it might be defined in a short and succinct way as ―a complex and
abstract phenomenon that can be realized through a number of verbal and non-ver
Do Drive thay đổi chính sách, nên một số link cũ yêu cầu duyệt download. các bạn chỉ cần làm theo hướng dẫn.
Password giải nén nếu cần: ket-noi.com | Bấm trực tiếp vào Link để tải:
You must be registered for see links
Last edited by a moderator: