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A total number of 149 individuals from Iran (Persians, Lurs and Kurds) were analyzed for 49 autosomal
SNPs using PCR, SBE and capillary electrophoresis. No deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations was
observed. One SNP pair (rs1015250–rs251934) showed significant linkage disequilibrium in Kurds.
However, this was most likely due to chance. High intrapopulation variability and no significant
population structure were observed among the three ethnic groups from Iran. Pairwise FST values
obtained from the mean numbers of pairwise differences between SNP profiles were calculated for
Persians, Lurs, Kurds and eighteen other worldwide populations. For each of the three Iranian ethnic
groups, the lowest FST values calculated between an Iranian and non-Iranian populations were observed
between Iranians and populations in Iraq and Turkey. The three Iranian ethnic groups grouped together
with other West Asian populations in the MDS plot drawn from the FST values. Statistical parameters of
forensic interest calculated for the Iranian ethnic groups showed values of the same order of magnitudes
as those obtained for Asians. The mean match probability calculated for the 49 SNPs ranged from
1.7 1018 for Kurds to 1.3 1019 for Persians. Despite the low level of genetic structure observed
among Persians, Lurs and Kurds, a single autosomal SNP database should be used with care when
extending its forensic application to other Iranian ethnic groups.
2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Populations and samples
The human population in Iran is known to be ethnically
heterogeneous with among others the following ethnic groups:
Persians (51%), Azeris (24%), Gilakis and Mazandaranis (8%), Kurds
(7%), Arabs (3%), Lurs (2%), Balochis (2%) and Turkmen (2%)
(proportions estimated in 1999 [1]). The various ethnic groups are
not homogeneously distributed in the country. Thus, Persians
mainly reside in central Iran; Azeris in the North West, Gilakis and
Mazandaranis reside in the North of the country; Kurds live in
Western Iran; Arabs and Lurs are from the South West; Balochis
from the South East; and Turkmen reside in the North East of Iran
[2].
A total number of 149 blood samples from three Iranian ethnic
groups including Persians (N = 51), Lurs (N = 50) and Kurds (N = 48)
were collected on KBC DNA banking cards (DBCTM; KBC: Kawsar
Biotech Company, Tehran, Iran). All the samples were collected at
Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran. The criteria
for sample selection included town of origin, language and the
ethnicity of the individuals and their parents. The work was
approved by the Danish ethical committee (H-1-2011-081).
2. DNA extraction
DNA was extracted from 3.2 mm disks punched from blood
stains on DBCTM (KBC). DNA extraction was carried out using the
BioRobot1 EZ1 Workstation (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and
the EZ11 DNA Investigator kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany)
following the manufacture’s protocols. A final elution volume of
50 mL of autoclaved Milli-Q water was used to recover the
extracted DNA.
3. SNP typing
Forty-nine of the 52 autosomal SNPforID SNPs [3] were
amplified in a single PCR reaction. The 49 SNPs were analyzed
in two tubes by single base extension (SBE) using the SNaPshot1
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3532 6225; fax: +45 3532 6289.
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Børsting).
1
URL:
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3
A total number of 149 individuals from Iran (Persians, Lurs and Kurds) were analyzed for 49 autosomal
SNPs using PCR, SBE and capillary electrophoresis. No deviation from Hardy–Weinberg expectations was
observed. One SNP pair (rs1015250–rs251934) showed significant linkage disequilibrium in Kurds.
However, this was most likely due to chance. High intrapopulation variability and no significant
population structure were observed among the three ethnic groups from Iran. Pairwise FST values
obtained from the mean numbers of pairwise differences between SNP profiles were calculated for
Persians, Lurs, Kurds and eighteen other worldwide populations. For each of the three Iranian ethnic
groups, the lowest FST values calculated between an Iranian and non-Iranian populations were observed
between Iranians and populations in Iraq and Turkey. The three Iranian ethnic groups grouped together
with other West Asian populations in the MDS plot drawn from the FST values. Statistical parameters of
forensic interest calculated for the Iranian ethnic groups showed values of the same order of magnitudes
as those obtained for Asians. The mean match probability calculated for the 49 SNPs ranged from
1.7 1018 for Kurds to 1.3 1019 for Persians. Despite the low level of genetic structure observed
among Persians, Lurs and Kurds, a single autosomal SNP database should be used with care when
extending its forensic application to other Iranian ethnic groups.
2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Populations and samples
The human population in Iran is known to be ethnically
heterogeneous with among others the following ethnic groups:
Persians (51%), Azeris (24%), Gilakis and Mazandaranis (8%), Kurds
(7%), Arabs (3%), Lurs (2%), Balochis (2%) and Turkmen (2%)
(proportions estimated in 1999 [1]). The various ethnic groups are
not homogeneously distributed in the country. Thus, Persians
mainly reside in central Iran; Azeris in the North West, Gilakis and
Mazandaranis reside in the North of the country; Kurds live in
Western Iran; Arabs and Lurs are from the South West; Balochis
from the South East; and Turkmen reside in the North East of Iran
[2].
A total number of 149 blood samples from three Iranian ethnic
groups including Persians (N = 51), Lurs (N = 50) and Kurds (N = 48)
were collected on KBC DNA banking cards (DBCTM; KBC: Kawsar
Biotech Company, Tehran, Iran). All the samples were collected at
Kawsar Human Genetics Research Center, Tehran, Iran. The criteria
for sample selection included town of origin, language and the
ethnicity of the individuals and their parents. The work was
approved by the Danish ethical committee (H-1-2011-081).
2. DNA extraction
DNA was extracted from 3.2 mm disks punched from blood
stains on DBCTM (KBC). DNA extraction was carried out using the
BioRobot1 EZ1 Workstation (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and
the EZ11 DNA Investigator kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany)
following the manufacture’s protocols. A final elution volume of
50 mL of autoclaved Milli-Q water was used to recover the
extracted DNA.
3. SNP typing
Forty-nine of the 52 autosomal SNPforID SNPs [3] were
amplified in a single PCR reaction. The 49 SNPs were analyzed
in two tubes by single base extension (SBE) using the SNaPshot1
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +45 3532 6225; fax: +45 3532 6289.
E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Børsting).
1
URL:
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